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Increasingly, a country house is being transformed from a vacation spot into a permanent home. This circumstance dictates the need to create comfortable living conditions, in particular, maintaining an acceptable temperature regime in the premises. The task is greatly simplified if the house is located close to energy sources. However, most often it is necessary to consider all types of heating country house to make the right decision. At the same time, a combination of two or even three heating options is often provided in order to insure yourself against unforeseen circumstances.

Types of heating

Gas heating

The use of gas as an energy source for heating a country house is currently the most optimal solution. Modern gas boilers do not require constant monitoring, are easy to maintain, have compact dimensions and are safe to operate.

Gas boiler

Energy supply is carried out along the main line, from which there is a tie-in to the consumer. The supply of gas, as a rule, is uninterrupted. At the same time, housing is not always located in close proximity to the highway, therefore, to create an autonomous heating system at home, other ways of organizing heating should be considered.

Gas heating of a country house has a number of advantages:

• Installation and operation are quite simple. The standardization of fasteners and fittings for gas equipment greatly simplifies the complexities of installation.
• Some types of installation work are quite possible to do on your own. But at the same time, commissioning work should be carried out by specialized specialists.
• The equipment has a high efficiency compared to other heating methods. The use of a pressure pump in the system allows you to quickly deliver the coolant to distant rooms and heat them up.
• The relatively low cost of gas makes it possible to obtain cost savings.
• A high level of safety in the operation of gas boilers in compliance with fire and explosion safety standards. In addition, there is practically no possibility of poisoning by fuel combustion products.
• Additionally, safety is guaranteed by the presence of control and measuring equipment.
• A small amount of substances harmful to the environment makes the heating process environmentally friendly.
• The combination of significant power equipment with its compactness. The gas boiler is harmoniously integrated into the interior.
• Sufficiently long service life of boiler equipment.

Gas heating is convenient

For an objective assessment of the characteristics of gas heating of a country house, it should be understood that:

1. All activities for its organization must be coordinated with the relevant organizations, which requires a certain amount of time.
2. The use of gas equipment for heating is advisable if the area of ​​heated premises is more than 100 sq.m.

Electric heating

Electric boiler

Traditional heaters powered by electricity have water or oil as a heat carrier. The principle of operation in this case is to heat the refractory element and transfer thermal energy to the coolant, which circulates through the heating system, giving off heat to the premises. At the same time, the required temperature regime is provided for a long time, which allows saving electrical energy.

electric boiler

The design must be carried out by a suitably qualified electrician. In the course of calculations, it is necessary to take into account the inevitable losses of thermal energy and the power of the unit, as well as the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe heated room and the set temperature in it.

The heating system consists of an electric boiler, pipes and radiators. The determining parameter for achieving the required temperature is the power indicator of the boiler equipment.

In addition, it is necessary to calculate the number of required radiators. This should take into account their material, floor area and design features radiators.

Warm floor

Implementing a heating system is a more economical and efficient way to heat a home. Fundamentally, it does not differ from the case when boiler equipment is used. The difference lies in the fact that there are no radiators, and heat is transferred from the coolant through pipes installed in a concrete screed. The heat carrier is heated by a heating element.

A similar method of heating creates uniform heating throughout the volume of the room by moving warm air upwards in accordance with the laws of physics.

Warm floor

It is characterized by certain difficulties. At the same time, it is possible to regulate the power of the equipment and save energy.

Electrical panels

The organization of heating in a country house by installing electrical panels greatly simplifies installation work. The heating device consists of thin double plates. In them, the air is heated and removed through the grate or special openings. The convective heat transfer used in this case eliminates all possible heating problems. The panel is mounted on the wall, and the power cable is connected to the house power supply system. Special skills are not required for this.

The number of convectors is determined in accordance with the volume of the heated space and the power of the equipment. It is recommended to mount the panels next to the balcony door or below the windows. This location is due to the fact that heat loss can occur in these places.

For a country house, this solution is optimal, provided that there is a constant power supply. It takes a short time to reach the required temperature.

Warm baseboard and infrared heating

It should be understood that to solve the problem of heating the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house using an infrared heater is not enough. It is effective in cases where you want to warm up the room in the shortest possible time. The device of the heating element has undergone certain improvements, and modern devices use heating elements or film heaters. A reflector is used to give direction to the flow of thermal energy.

Such panels are more like a backup heating option.

The design of film heaters allows you to mount the device on the wall. Introducing elements into its design decorative design makes it possible to add additional detail to the interior.

It is possible to heat the premises of a country house with panels, but a warm baseboard system is more effective. The name of the device fully corresponds to the installation method: it is placed around the perimeter of the room in the form of a floor plinth. Electricity consumption is reduced due to the low power of the system. This design is aesthetically pleasing. The warm plinth does not take up extra space, but passes in accordance with the configuration of the floor plinth.

Warm plinth

The combination of methods of heating a country house allows you to achieve significant savings. For example, rooms with a small area can be heated using underfloor heating systems or baseboards, from a medium area - panels, and for large rooms - use water heating with an electric boiler.

Stove heating

Wood heating of a private house

The classic version of heating a country house with a stove involves placing it in the central part of the home. In this case, the rear part will heat the living quarters, and the front side is intended for cooking and serving. Traditionally, the material of the kiln is red brick, which is placed on a clay mortar. Any solid fuel can be used as an energy carrier.

brick oven

Stove heating with coolant

To increase the efficiency of traditional stove heating, a variant is used using a coolant, in this case water. At the same time, the heat is evenly distributed over the volume of the premises, and the energy carrier is consumed rationally.

Conventional stoves used to heat a country house are fired with wood. When organizing heating in a large house, this option is not suitable. Kindling in this case is carried out with the help of firewood, and the main operation of the furnace takes place on a powerful energy carrier - coal.

Stove heating with coolant

The presence of a water circuit at the stove makes it possible to combine the advantages of two heating systems: stove and conventional water. In this case, the heat is evenly distributed throughout the volume of the premises, and their heating occurs simultaneously. The technical possibility of creating a heating system is limited for houses with no more than two storeys.

Additional home heating options

Solar thermal collectors

solar heating

The upward trend in energy prices makes it necessary to look for alternative sources of heat. Solar collectors are one of the popular non-traditional forms of energy production. They are mounted on the roof and included in the heating system equipped with a boiler. Control over the flow of solar energy and regulation of the supply of energy to the boiler to maintain the desired temperature is carried out using automation. The cost of such devices is quite high.

Wind turbines

The use of a wind generator for heating a country house is advisable in combination with a diesel generator and a battery. In this case, the wind-diesel complex works as follows: the battery is charged from wind energy, which is the source of electricity in the house. During the period when calm weather sets in, the energy in the battery is consumed up to a certain point. With its onset, a diesel generator is started, which does not allow an interruption in the power supply.

When an air flow occurs diesel generator stops working, and the battery begins to receive a charge from the wind generator.

Wind energy for heating

Before deciding to install a wind turbine, consider the following:

• Equipment of this kind has a significant cost.
• Absolute dependence on the weather.
• The cost of installation is increased by the purchase of expensive batteries.
• If it is necessary to carry out repair work, their price will also be significant.
• All of these factors generally lead to an increase in the cost of electricity.

The presence of negative points does not lead to a complete negation of the profitability of using a wind generator. In addition to reducing the cost of equipment, the implementation of home heating using it will increase the profitability rate. The reasons for this are as follows:

• The use of low quality electricity will not affect the operation of electric heaters and will make it possible to use equipment with a lower cost.
• You can abandon the batteries, and use a boiler for energy storage, that is, an ordinary container containing a coolant.
• The ability to temporarily maintain the temperature regime in a wide range without the cost of electrical energy.

Modern industry offers owners of private houses a variety of heating options: from solid fuel boilers to hydrogen generators and solar panels. However, the choice of a heating system is not an easy task, since here it is necessary to be guided by several criteria at once, which should be considered in more detail.

Heating options for a private house

Schematic representation of the heating system at home

It is possible to distinguish the main types of fuel (energy) that can be used for heating:

• coke, firewood coal (solid fuel materials);
• gasoline, diesel fuel (liquid fuel materials);
• electricity (it is generated by solar panels as well).

Traditional fuels (coke, coal, firewood) are considered obsolete. Besides, their use is limited by the virtual impossibility of automating the heating process. An ordinary wood-burning stove, for example, requires “refueling” with wood once every 6-7 hours, more advanced pyrolysis boilers that work non-stop for 10-12 hours.

Gas- at the moment the cheapest fuel (at least for the inhabitants of Russia), however, its use in remote settlements is not always possible due to the banal lack of a gas pipeline.

If it is impossible to connect to the main gas pipeline, it is still possible to autonomously heat the house with gas using a gas tank!

It is not economically feasible to conduct a separate branch to a small settlement. It is for this reason that Russia, which leads in world gas reserves, is not even among the top twenty countries in terms of the level of gasification of the territory (and this is fully explained by objective reasons).

Liquid fuel has two significant disadvantages:

1. high cost;
2. danger of use.

However, if automotive antifreeze is used as a coolant when using liquid fuel for heating, then significant savings can be made. The fact is that such a coolant heats up extremely quickly, retaining heat for several days. In general, if you make a calculation based on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house, then the use of liquid fuel is sometimes even completely economically feasible (although not every type of antifreeze is suitable).

Electricity- the most convenient type of coolant in terms of technical implementation, but it is expensive, and price increases occur regularly. Many can give the example of solar panels. However, here it is necessary to take into account such a factor: of course, a country house in this case will be able to heat itself.

Standard solar panel on the roof of the house

But the cost of solar collectors is very high, and their service life usually does not exceed 7-8 years. And most of the territory of Russia lies in the temperate climate zone with a relatively small number of sunny days per year.

Criteria for choosing a heating system

When choosing the optimal heating system in a private house, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:

• the presence or absence of a main gas pipeline (in Russia, about 67% of the territory is gasified);
• availability of fuels;
• approximate consumption of thermal energy (calculated in kW per square meter of area, if water is used as a heat carrier, then here calculations are made in Gcal);
• the presence / absence of communications (branches of main power networks, etc.);
• autonomous or connected to central heating networks.

Of course, it is necessary to take into account a lot of secondary criteria, such as the material from which the house is made, the climatic features of the area (for example, in the Far North it is simply physically impossible to use liquid fuel for heating, which loses its igniting ability already at -30C ° - -35C °).

Pros and cons of various heating systems

Solid fuel

Solid fuel heating systems are the oldest and most traditional. Of course, in modern houses furnaces are usually absent, but solid fuel boilers are much more common.

Their advantages include the following :

For a more visual presentation of profitability, the following data can be given (calculated for a boiler that heats 100 m² of living space)

• the average cost of heating a house for one month with a gas boiler is $ 10 - $ 12;
• electric heater - $12 - $20;
• solid fuel boiler - $ 5 - $ 7.

Solid fuel heating systems have disadvantages :

• The efficiency of a boiler or furnace never exceeds 65% -70%, and in order to achieve the maximum coefficient, special combustion conditions are required (almost complete vacuum);
• the minimum degree of environmental friendliness (the presence of soot, soot, and other precipitation);
• unsafe use (you need to constantly monitor that carbon monoxide does not enter the room - for this you can use a special sensor);
• different frequency of fuel loading, depending on the brand of the boiler;
• a rather expensive pump often breaks down;
• the need for auxiliary devices such as a boiler and a heat accumulator.

When using solid fuel boilers, the Ministry of Emergency Situations recommends installing sensors for determining the concentration of carbon monoxide in the room. It can save lives for forgetful owners.

Liquid fuel

As a liquid fuel for heating, it is usually customary to use diesel, as well as gasoline. True, alternative fuels can sometimes be used: aviation kerosene, oil refinery waste (fuel oil) and others. So, "exotic" is good only if the owner of a private house has access to a large amount of such fuel, and also neglects environmental standards: the same fuel oil can sooty the room, it will not be possible to clean it with your own hands.

Boiler with liquid fuel: inside view

Advantages of a liquid fuel heating system:

• almost complete automation of the entire system;
• availability of fuel (not in the material, but in the physical sense);
• independence from external energy sources;
• relatively high efficiency (efficiency in liquid fuel boilers can reach 95%).

Unfortunately, the disadvantages of a liquid fuel heating system are much greater than the pros:

• the high cost of the boiler itself and the burners for it (for example, the price of one of the most inexpensive boilers of this type, Kiturami STS 13 Oil, starts in Russia from $ 700-750, and its maximum power is quite small - 16.8 W);
• relatively high cost of diesel fuel (the cost of "diesel" at domestic gas stations ranges from 45 to 52 cents);
• the need for a special room for the use of the boiler, as well as containers with fuel;
• too much pressure is created in the boiler, the indicators of which must be manually adjusted all the time;
• the specific smell of the fuel itself and its combustion products;
• when gasoline or "diesel" is burned, sulfur oxide is released (up to 3% of the burned volume), which leads to metal corrosion and a quick failure of the boiler.

Electrical

Electric heating systems can be divided into 2 types:

1. electrode;
2. induction;

Electric boiler connection diagram

Electrode involve the use of, as you might guess, an electric boiler. The advantages here include simplicity of design, relatively low cost, high efficiency and minimal heat loss. But the disadvantages are also very significant: an electric current can hit a person (the presence of an open electrode is always dangerous), low power and the need to prepare the coolant itself (antifreeze or water) to achieve its maximum thermal conductivity.

induction heating is carried out as follows: the coolant in them is heated from an induction element (the principle of operation is similar to the operation of a conventional electric heater), which begins to produce heat with the help of a current that occurs when a magnetic field appears inside the boiler tank (the system is rather complicated). There are several advantages to induction boilers: a high degree of safety, the absence of separate heating elements that can break; rapid heating of water and its supply through pipes to all rooms, higher efficiency. Disadvantages include high cost, lack of natural ventilation inside the boiler.

Operation of an induction electric boiler

Gas

Gas heating systems have the following advantages:

• gas is the cheapest fuel in Russia, if you do not take into account coal and coke;
• high efficiency (up to 99%);
• long service life (cast iron boiler can last at least 30 years, steel - 50 years).

Negative sides:

• the installation of a boiler of this type should be carried out under the control of special services (technical inventory bureau), the project and layouts will also have to be coordinated with various authorities;
• seasonal pressure surges in main gas pipelines can disable equipment.

Features of the use of heating systems depending on the material of the house:

Ideal option for wooden house - gas boilers, since the tree will not absorb combustion products, soot and other precipitation will not appear on it. For brick and foam block houses, everything is different. If the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house is from 200 m², it is better to use solid fuel heating systems; for buildings with an area from 100 m² to 200 m² - electric. Residential buildings of a smaller area can also be heated with liquid fuel systems.

Calculation of the power of a gas boiler and the choice of coolant

For rooms with a ceiling height of up to 3 meters, it is necessary to determine the power of the boiler as follows: 1 kW of power per 10 m² of territory. You should be more careful with gas boilers: the fact is that manufacturers indicate their power based on the optimal gas pressure in the pipeline (this is about 13-15 bar). In fact, the pressure is very often much lower, which is why the boiler will work only a third of the real one.

If the house has a large area, then you should not buy one powerful boiler: it is better to buy several, but of lesser power

Calculation of the power of a gas boiler

Well, it is better to entrust such work to a specialist, as he will also pay attention to the following criteria:

• wall material, as well as their thickness;
• the number of residential and non-residential, auxiliary premises;
• the number of window openings and their size.

As for the choice of coolant, it is still better to give preference to water, rather than antifreeze: the latter can come into chemical contact with some materials (including plastic) that make up the pipes. And despite the savings (antifreeze retains heat longer than water), you can end up losing due to the frequent replacement of heating pipes. Antifreeze is more relevant for large, non-residential buildings such as industrial enterprises, shopping centers and other facilities. And what kind of heating to use is up to the consumer.

Video

Watch a video about the installation of heating systems in the house.

Independent heating of a country house in various options at prices below average - we have been providing these services in Moscow and the Moscow region since 2001. We carry out gas, electric, solid fuel and other turnkey heating systems. We work with both premium and standard, as well as economical system options.

The price of various options for heating systems

House area		Solid fuel	diesel	Electrical
			RUB 1,100,000	negotiable
	RUB 1,900,000	2,000,000 rubles	RUB 2,200,000	negotiable

Price components

When organizing heating, you need to remember that the price consists of two components:

• The cost of creating a system - the price of design (if necessary) and the price of heating a private house (equipment, materials, work)
• Operating costs - the price of fuel and service

The main options for heating systems for country houses

Water

The principle of operation - a coolant (water or non-freezing liquid) circulates in a closed circuit. This circuit consists of a boiler, radiators, pipes, valves, control valves and other elements. The coolant is heated in the boiler and gives off its heat to the environment with the help of radiators, convectors, registers. Due to this, the rooms are warmed up.

Water heating of a country house with gas, electricity or other fuel is a popular option for Moscow and the Moscow region.

aerial

The principle of operation - air is taken from the street, heated by a boiler or fan heater and distributed in the cottage through the air ducts. The heated air enters the premises through ventilation grilles, which are integrated into the air ducts.

Advantages	Flaws
Low inertia	Bulky equipment
Absence of liquid coolant, so accidents associated with its leakage are excluded	Installation is possible only at the stage of building a house. The cottage must be designed for an air system
Parallel can be used for ventilation	Installation labor intensity
High efficiency	Not suitable for people suffering from respiratory diseases

Air heating in a country house is not popular in Russia now. This method is widely used in Canada and the USA.

Steam

This type of heating in cottages is practically not used. It is mainly used in industrial facilities. It is economically and technically justified if steam is involved in the technological processes of the enterprise.

Furnace

Heating with an oven is a well-known option. In country houses, stove heating is gradually giving way to more modern, efficient and easy-to-use options. It is impossible to heat a large cottage with a stove. In many homes, the stove is an element of interior design, and not a source of heating.

The heating system of country houses with a liquid coolant

Let us dwell in more detail on the most popular type of heating - water. Water heating systems, depending on the fuel used, are divided into the following classes:

• Systems operating on gas (main gas, liquefied gas)
• Electric heating (with electric boilers)
• Solid fuel systems
• Liquid fuel systems

From the position of comfort for living, all the indicated heating options for a country house are approximately the same. Each of them has advantages and disadvantages.

For example, a heating system using liquefied gas requires the installation of a gas tank. This entails a high initial investment. At the same time, you will be almost completely independent of external services. True, there are certain requirements for a place to install a gas tank. From time to time it will need to be refilled with gas.

In general, the gas heating of a country house itself, the options and prices for it have considerable variability. To choose the optimal system for your cottage, you can consult with engineers.

Liquid fuel equipment has the disadvantages of noise and smell. If this option of water heating is chosen for a country house, we recommend that the boiler room be located away from the bedroom. It is necessary to provide a place for the location of the tank for fuel and access roads for refueling this tank.

Solid fuel heating requires close attention and participation in the process of its operation. The boiler needs to be constantly loaded. Requires a separate room for a boiler room, even in a small cottage, and an expensive chimney. It is necessary to provide a place for storing fuel. We do not recommend placing a solid fuel boiler in living rooms or in the kitchen, as you can turn a cottage into a stoker.

Water heating with electricity of a country house from a position of comfort is a convenient option. But, stopping at it, you need to be prepared for complete dependence on local power grids. Potential power outages are a problem. To exclude it, autonomous power supply sources are used, for example, autonomous generators, but their price is quite high.

In terms of initial investment, heating with electricity is cheaper than other options. No chimney is required, and electric boilers are cheaper than boilers designed to work with other types of fuel.

But it requires a fairly serious electrical power. For example, full-fledged heating for a country house with an area of ​​200 m2 can be organized using 20 kW of electricity. At the same time, the power allocated by the energy company should be greater. The allocated power should be enough to power other electricity consumers in the cottage.

In Russia, the use of main gas has been and remains optimal. Other types of fuel are justified only if the cottage is not gasified. They can be used as a backup in case of interruptions in gas supply.

Recently, it has become a fairly popular option - to supplement the gas heating of a country house with an electric boiler. The power of an electric boiler may be less than necessary for the full heating of the building. Its main function is to maintain a small positive temperature in the cottage in case of problems with gas or gas equipment. This should keep the system from freezing.

Types of heating

Price from 1,600 rubles/m2	Price from 1,800 rubles/m2	Price from 2,200 rubles/m2	Price from 1,600 rubles/m2

The cost of operating various heating options

The table below shows the estimated cost of operating in a country house of various options for autonomous heating (not centralized), depending on the fuel.

Fuel	Fuel consumption for production1 kW of thermal energy	production cost1 kW of thermal energy	Operating price per season
main gas	0.1176 m3	0,52 rub.	RUB 26,208
Firewood	0.4 kg/h	0,8 rub.	40 320 rub.
Coal	0.2 kg/h	1,2 rub.	RUB 60,480
Liquefied gas	0.1 kg/h	2,3 rub.	RUB 115,920
Electricity	1 kWh	2,5 rub.	RUB 126,000
Diesel fuel	0.1 liter/hour	2,8 rub.	141 120 rub

The operating price of the option of heating a country house with gas (main) is lower than others.

The tabulated calculation was made for a well-insulated cottage, with a heated area of ​​~ 200 m2.

For Objects of the same area, operating costs may differ. This possible difference, under the condition of a properly functioning system, is caused by different values ​​of heat losses. Heat loss is affected by:

• Degree of thermal insulation
• Room configuration
• Window and door sizes
• Other less significant factors

These indicative prices may be useful to you at the stage of system selection and for understanding the order of operating costs.

Combined heating in the absence of gas

Undoubtedly, gas heating is the best option. But what if there is no possibility of connecting to the main gas? For country houses of small and medium size, combined heating can be an interesting alternative.

System Composition

Combined heating of a turnkey country house involves the installation of solid fuel and electric boilers operating in conjunction with each other (boiler pairs). They are controlled by special automation. This solution effectively and stably heats the rooms in the house and makes the use of the system quite comfortable.

Reasons for choosing

The main reason for choosing such a solution is the lack of main gas. Installing a single boiler has its drawbacks. Solid fuel boiler laborious to maintain. For its operation, it is required to constantly load fuel (wood, coal, peat or other). Pyrolysis units operate on one loading cycle longer, but they also require the constant availability of fuel - otherwise they turn off and the coolant cools down. The main disadvantages of electrical units are high operating costs and dependence on power supply.

The disadvantages become less significant if a bundle of two boilers of different types is used. This version of the autonomous heating system stably heats a country house with minimal human participation in the process.

Operating principle

First, the solid fuel boiler is started. Its function is to heat the coolant. The power of the unit should be enough to warm the entire heated space of the cottage to the desired temperature.

When it runs out of fuel, and the temperature of the liquid in the heating circuit drops below 50 degrees C, special automation turns on the electric boiler. Its role is to heat a country house by maintaining the desired temperature of the coolant heated by a solid fuel boiler.

If a double tariff for electricity is provided (it is cheaper at night), it makes sense to heat at night on electricity. With such a scheme, it is necessary to provide a generator in order to prevent the boiler from turning off in case of possible interruptions in the power supply system.

Electric boilers (especially heating elements) are critical to the composition of the coolant. As a rule, it is a mixture of water, antifreeze and special additives. With the wrong selection of antifreeze, the equipment may break down when the heating element is heated. It is required to use only antifreeze based on glycol with minimal foaming. This is a prerequisite for the safe operation of the heating system.

Advantages and disadvantages of the combined option

Advantages:

• The heating systems of a country house, when the main gas is unavailable, operate smoothly and with low operating costs. If you switch to a double tariff for electricity, the cost of operation can be further reduced
• High reliability of the system due to the presence of an additional unit in conjunction with a solid fuel boiler and special automation
• Environmental friendliness and safety. The fire hazard is also significantly lower than when using main gas
• Energy independent operation. If power supply problems occur at night or during working hours, they are solved with the help of a generator. In other cases, it is enough to start a solid fuel boiler
• Significant reduction in labor intensity of operation. Ease of use in case of non-permanent residence of people in the cottage

Combined heating in a country house also has disadvantages. The main ones are:

• The need to purchase two boilers and an automatic control system, a generator. This is due to the price increase.
• Relatively low efficiency. It is lower than that of solid fuel units by 3 - 5%

Installation in a country house of a combined heating system is much more complicated than the option using one boiler. There are many more nuances to consider. Therefore, when choosing this solution, it is recommended to resort to the services of an engineering company. Our employees have the necessary experience, knowledge, and are equipped with professional tools. We will carry out work in your cottage promptly and with high quality.

Heating with renewable energy sources

Technologies for organizing heating systems based on renewable energy sources in country houses are rapidly developing in some countries of the world. In Russia, they are not yet common. Most often, such options are an addition to traditional approaches.

Heating systems built on renewable energy sources include 2 components:

• Heat generator powered by renewable energy
• The internal circuit is the same as with classic water heating - radiators, underfloor heating, pipeline

Heat generators are divided into the following groups:

Heat pumps

The heat pump generates heat due to the temperature difference between different layers of the soil or reservoir (depending on its location). This heat enters the house, into the internal circuit.

The heating system of a country house on a heat pump in our country is practically not implemented. Main reasons:

• The high cost of the system and further maintenance
• Limited number of competent specialists

Solar collectors

This technology is successfully used in regions and countries with an abundance of sunny days a year. Solar collector - a heat exchanger that collects the heat of sunlight and transfers it further to the internal circuit.

In country houses, this option of autonomous heating is rarely used. In the Moscow region, solar collectors are used in the summer as an addition to traditional systems or for the preparation of hot water.

Windmills

Wind turbines convert wind energy into electrical energy. Further, electricity can be transformed into thermal energy. This is done by traditional electric boilers or convectors.

As in the case of solar collectors, windmills are useful as an addition to traditional types of heating and hot water production.

Why us?

Reliability of the company and high qualification of the staff!

Together with you, our specialists will select and assemble the equipment that is optimal for your specific conditions. Independent heating of a country house is carried out on a turnkey basis in accordance with all norms, rules and your wishes.

We offer a full range of engineering and perform the full range of turnkey work!

All engineering, which is necessary in your cottage, you can order in our company. It's comfortable. You do not have to link work between different contractors and understand their areas of responsibility. The work of our engineering departments is coordinated, and multi-stage control is organized over the progress of the work.

Official dealer!

We are the official dealer of almost all world famous manufacturers. And we offer some of the lowest prices in Moscow for equipment and materials. The equipment and materials purchased from our company are guaranteed certified for Russia and are covered by a factory warranty.

All necessary permits, licenses, certificates!

We have all the necessary licenses, permits and certificates to perform work, including those related to gas. This gives us the opportunity to legally install turnkey autonomous gas heating in country houses and cottages in Moscow, the Moscow Region and adjacent regions. And the owner of this house will not subsequently have unpleasant conversations with the gas service.

We officially conclude a tripartite Agreement (act of delimitation) between the gas service, you and our company and a service agreement. The local gas service will not impose on you equipment at "two prices", which may not be for your situation.

Full complex!

Design, assembly, installation of equipment, subsequent service. You will be offered only what you need. In our company, design is not imposed, unless there is a really urgent need for it.

"Dopov" will not be!

Honest price for heating in a turnkey country house. The price indicated in the Agreement will not change during the installation work, as is often the case with unscrupulous Contractors. We pay for errors in the estimate.

Complete Guarantee!

You will not hear excuses from us if the system installed by us failed during the warranty period. We do not send our Customers to equipment manufacturers, but we ourselves bear warranty obligations.

Properly organizing the heating of the house is not an easy task. It is clear that specialists – designers and installers – will deal with it best. It is possible and necessary to involve them in the process, but in what capacity it is up to you, the owner of the house, to determine. There are three options: hired people perform the entire range of activities or part of these works, or act as consultants, and you do the heating yourself.

Regardless of which heating option is chosen, it is necessary to have a good understanding of all stages of the process. This material is a step-by-step guide to action. Its goal is to help you solve the heating problem yourself or competently control the hired specialists and installers.

Elements of the heating system

In the vast majority of cases, private residential buildings are heated by water heating systems. This is a traditional approach to solving the issue, which has an undeniable advantage - universality. That is, heat is delivered to all rooms by means of a heat carrier, and it can be heated using various energy carriers. We will consider their list below, when choosing a boiler.

Water systems also make it possible to organize combined heating using two or even three types of energy carriers.

Any heating system, where the coolant serves as a transmission link, is divided into the following components:

• heat source;
• pipeline network with all additional equipment and fittings;
• heating devices (radiators or heating circuits for underfloor heating).

For the purpose of processing and regulating the heat carrier, as well as performing maintenance work in heating systems applied optional equipment and shut-off and control valves. The equipment includes the following items:

• expansion tank;
• circulation pump;
• hydraulic separator (hydraulic arrow);
• buffer capacity;
• distribution manifold;
• indirect heating boiler;
• devices and means of automation.

Note. An obligatory attribute of a water heating system is an expansion tank, the rest of the equipment is installed as needed.

It is well known that when heated, water expands, and in a confined space, its additional volume has nowhere to go. In order to avoid rupture of connections from high pressure, an expansion tank of an open or membrane type is installed in the network. She also accepts excess water.

Forced circulation of the coolant is provided by a pump, and if there are several circuits separated by a hydraulic arrow or a buffer tank, 2 or more pumping units are used. As for the buffer tank, it works simultaneously as a hydraulic separator and a heat accumulator. The separation of the boiler circulation circuit from all the others is practiced in complex cottage systems with several floors.

Collectors for the distribution of the coolant are installed in heating systems with underfloor heating or in cases where a beam scheme for connecting batteries is used, we will talk about this in the following sections. An indirect heating boiler is a tank with a coil, where water for the needs of domestic hot water is heated from the coolant. Thermometers and pressure gauges are installed in the system for visual control of the temperature and pressure of water in the system. Automation tools (sensors, temperature controllers, controllers, servo drives) not only control the coolant parameters, but also regulate them automatically.

Shut-off valves

In addition to the listed equipment, water heating of the house is controlled and maintained using shut-off and control valves, shown in the table:

When you have familiarized yourself with what elements the heating system consists of, you can proceed to the first step towards the goal - calculations.

Calculation of the heating system and selection of boiler power

It is impossible to select equipment without knowing the amount of thermal energy required to heat the building. It can be determined in two ways: simple approximate and calculated. All sellers of heating equipment like to use the first method, since it is quite simple and gives a more or less correct result. This is the calculation of thermal power by the area of ​​​​heated premises.

They take a separate room, measure its area and multiply the resulting value by 100 watts. The energy required for the entire country house is determined by summing the indicators for all rooms. We offer a more accurate method:

• by 100 W multiply the area of ​​those rooms where only 1 wall is in contact with the street, on which there is 1 window;
• if the room is a corner room with one window, then its area must be multiplied by 120 W;
• when the room has 2 exterior walls with 2 or more windows, its area is multiplied by 130W.

If we consider the power as an approximate method, then residents of the northern regions of the Russian Federation may receive less heat, and the south of Ukraine may overpay for too powerful equipment. With the help of the second, calculation method, heating is designed by specialists. It is more accurate, as it gives a clear understanding of how much heat is lost through the building structures of any building.

Before proceeding with the calculations, the house must be measured, finding out the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwalls, windows and doors. Then it is necessary to determine the thickness of the layer of each building material from which walls, floors and roofs are built. For all materials in the reference literature or the Internet, you should find the value of thermal conductivity λ, expressed in units of W / (m ºС). We substitute it into the formula for calculating the thermal resistance R (m2 ºС / W):

R = δ / λ, here δ is the thickness of the wall material in meters.

Note. When a wall or roof is made of different materials, it is necessary to calculate the R value for each layer, and then summarize the results.

Now you can find out the amount of heat leaving through the external building structure, according to the formula:

• QTP \u003d 1 / R x (tv - tn) x S, where:
• QTP is the amount of heat lost, W;
• S is the previously measured area of ​​the building structure, m2;
• tv - here you need to substitute the value of the desired internal temperature, ºС;
• tn - street temperature in the coldest period, ºС.

Important! The calculation should be made for each room separately, substituting in turn the values ​​​​of thermal resistance and area for the external wall, window, door, floor and roof into the formula. Then all these results must be summed up, these will be the heat losses of this room. The areas of internal partitions do not need to be taken into account!

Heat consumption for ventilation

To find out how much heat a private house loses as a whole, it is necessary to add up the losses of all its rooms. But that's not all, because it is necessary to take into account the heating of the ventilation air, which is also provided by the heating system. In order not to go into the jungle of complex calculations, it is proposed to find out this heat consumption using a simple formula:

Qair \u003d cm (tv - tn), where:

• Qair - the desired amount of heat for ventilation, W;
• m - the amount of air by mass, is determined as the internal volume of the building, multiplied by the density of the air mixture, kg;
• (tv - tn) - as in the previous formula;
• c is the heat capacity of air masses, taken equal to 0.28 W / (kg ºС).

To determine the heat demand of the entire building, it remains to add the value of QTP for the house as a whole with the value of Qair. The power of the boiler is taken with a margin for the optimal mode of operation, that is, with a coefficient of 1.3. Here it is necessary to take into account important point: if you plan to use the heat generator not only for heating, but also for heating water for hot water supply, then the power reserve should be increased. The boiler must work effectively in 2 directions at once, and therefore the safety factor must be taken at least 1.5.

At the moment, there are various types of heating, characterized by the energy carrier or type of fuel used. Which one to choose is up to you, and we will present all types of boilers with a brief description of their pros and cons. For heating residential buildings, you can purchase the following types of household heat generators:

• solid fuel;
• gas;
• electrical;
• on liquid fuel.

The following video will help you choose an energy source, and then a heat source:

Solid fuel boilers

They are divided into 3 varieties: direct combustion, pyrolysis and pellet. The units are popular due to the low cost of operation, because compared to other energy sources, firewood and coal are inexpensive. The exception is natural gas in the Russian Federation, but connecting to it is often more expensive than all thermal equipment along with installation. Therefore, wood and coal boilers, which have an acceptable cost, are bought by people more and more often.

On the other hand, the operation of a solid fuel heat source is very similar to simple stove heating. You need to spend time and effort to harvest, carry firewood and load it into the firebox. Serious piping of the unit is also required in order to ensure its durable and safe operation. After all, an ordinary solid fuel boiler is characterized by inertia, that is, after closing the air damper, the heating of water does not stop immediately. And the efficient use of the generated energy is possible only if there is a thermal accumulator.

Important. Boilers that burn solid fuels generally cannot boast of high efficiency. Traditional direct combustion units have an efficiency of about 75%, pyrolysis - 80%, and pellet - no more than 83%.

The best choice in terms of comfort is a pellet heat generator, which has a high level of automation and almost no inertia. It does not require a heat accumulator and frequent trips to the boiler room. But the price of equipment and pellets often makes it inaccessible to a wide range of users.

gas boilers

An excellent option is to carry out heating that operates on main gas. In general, hot water gas boilers are very reliable and efficient. The efficiency of the simplest non-volatile unit is at least 87%, and that of an expensive condensing unit is up to 97%. The heaters are compact, well automated and safe to operate. Maintenance is required no more than once a year, and trips to the boiler room are needed only to control or change settings. A budget unit will come out much cheaper than a solid fuel one, so gas boilers can be considered publicly available.

Just like solid fuel heat generators, gas boilers require a chimney and supply and exhaust ventilation. As for other countries of the former USSR, the cost of fuel there is much higher than in the Russian Federation, which is why the popularity of gas equipment is steadily declining.

Electric boilers

I must say that electric heating is the most efficient of all existing ones. Not only is the efficiency of the boilers about 99%, but in addition they do not require chimneys and ventilation. Maintenance of the units as such is practically absent, except for cleaning once every 2-3 years. And most importantly: the equipment and installation are very cheap, while the degree of automation can be anything. The boiler simply does not need your attention.

As pleasant as the advantages of an electric boiler, the main drawback is just as significant - the price of electricity. Even if you use a multi-tariff electricity meter, you won’t be able to get around a wood-burning heat generator by this indicator. Such is the price for comfort, reliability and high efficiency. Well, the second minus is the lack of the necessary electrical power on the supply networks. Such an annoying nuisance can immediately cross out all thoughts about electric heating.

Oil boilers

At the cost of heating equipment and its installation, heating on waste oil or diesel fuel will cost about the same as on natural gas. Their performance indicators are also similar, although, for obvious reasons, working out loses somewhat. Another thing is that this type of heating can be safely called the dirtiest. Any visit to the boiler room will end at least with the smell of diesel fuel or with dirty hands. And the annual cleaning of the unit is a whole event, after which you will be smeared with soot to the waist.

The use of diesel fuel for heating is not the most profitable solution; the price of fuel can hit your pocket hard. Waste oil has also risen in price, unless you have some cheap source of it. This means that it makes sense to install a diesel boiler when there are no other energy sources or, in the future, supplying main gas. The unit easily switches from diesel fuel to gas, but the mining furnace cannot burn methane.

Schemes of heating systems for a private house

Heating systems implemented in private housing construction are one- and two-pipe. It's easy to tell them apart:

• according to a single-pipe scheme, all radiators are connected to one collector. It is both a supply and a return, passing by all the batteries in the form of a closed ring;
• in a two-pipe scheme, the coolant is supplied to the radiators through one pipe, and returns through the other.

The choice of a heating system scheme for a private house is not an easy task, it certainly does not hurt to consult a specialist. We will not sin against the truth if we say that the two-pipe scheme is more progressive and reliable than the one-pipe one. Contrary to popular belief about the low installation costs when installing the latter, we note that it is not only more expensive than a two-pipe one, but also more difficult. This topic is covered in great detail in this video:

The fact is that in a single-pipe system, the water from the radiator to the radiator cools more and more, so it is necessary to increase their capacity by adding sections. In addition, the distribution manifold must have a larger diameter than the two-pipe distribution lines. And the last thing: automatic control with a single-pipe circuit is difficult due to the mutual influence of the batteries on each other.

In a small house or cottage with up to 5 radiators, you can safely implement a single-pipe horizontal scheme (common name - Leningradka). With more heating devices, it will not be able to function normally, because the last batteries will be cold.

Another option is to use single-pipe vertical risers in a two-story private house. Such schemes are quite common and work successfully.

The coolant with two-pipe wiring is delivered to all radiators with the same temperature, so there is no need to increase the number of sections. The division of the lines into supply and return makes it possible to automatically control the operation of the batteries through thermostatic valves.

Pipeline diameters are smaller, and the system as a whole is simpler. There are such types of two-pipe schemes:

dead-end: the pipeline network is divided into branches (shoulders), along which the coolant moves along the mains towards each other;

an associated two-pipe system: here the return manifold is, as it were, a continuation of the supply one, and the entire coolant flows in one direction, the circuit forms a ring;

collector (beam). The most expensive wiring method: pipelines from the collector are laid separately to each radiator, the laying method is hidden, in the floor.

If you take horizontal lines of larger diameter and lay them with a slope of 3-5 mm per 1 m, then the system will be able to work due to gravity (by gravity). Then the circulation pump is not needed, the circuit will be non-volatile. In fairness, we note that without a pump, both single-pipe and two-pipe wiring can function. If only conditions were created for the natural circulation of water.

The heating system can be made open by installing an expansion tank at the highest point that communicates with the atmosphere. This solution is used in gravity networks, otherwise it cannot be done there. If, however, an expansion tank of a membrane type is installed on the return line near the boiler, the system will be closed and operate under excess pressure. This is a more modern version, which finds its application in networks with forced movement of the coolant.

It is impossible not to say about the method of heating the house with warm floors. Its disadvantage is the high cost, since hundreds of meters of pipes will need to be laid in the screed, as a result of which a heating water circuit is obtained in each room. The ends of the pipes converge to a distribution manifold with a mixing unit and its own circulation pump. An important plus is the economical uniform heating of the premises, which is very comfortable for people. Underfloor heating circuits are unambiguously recommended for use in all residential buildings.

Advice. The owner of a small house (up to 150 m2) can safely be recommended to adopt the usual two-pipe scheme with forced circulation of the coolant. Then the diameters of the mains will be no more than 25 mm, the branches - 20 mm, and the connections to the batteries - 15 mm.

Heating system installation

We will begin the description of installation work with the installation and piping of the boiler. In accordance with the rules, units whose power does not exceed 60 kW can be installed in the kitchen. More powerful heat generators should be located in the boiler room. At the same time, for heat sources burning different types fuel and having an open combustion chamber, it is necessary to ensure a good air flow. A chimney device is also required to remove combustion products.

For the natural movement of water, it is recommended to install the boiler in such a way that its return pipe is below the level of the radiators on the first floor.

The place where the heat generator will be located must be chosen taking into account the minimum allowable distances from walls or other equipment. Typically, these intervals are indicated in the manual supplied with the product. If these data are not available, then we adhere to the following rules:

• passage width from the front side of the boiler - 1 m;
• if you do not need to service the unit from the side or rear, then leave a gap of 0.7 m, otherwise - 1.5 m;
• distance to the nearest equipment - 0.7 m;
• when placing two boilers next to each other, a passage of 1 m is maintained between them, opposite each other - 2 m.

Note. When installing wall-mounted heat sources, side passages are not needed, only the clearance in front of the unit must be observed for ease of maintenance.

Boiler connection

It should be noted that the piping of gas, diesel and electric heat generators is almost the same. Here it must be borne in mind that the vast majority of wall-mounted boilers are equipped with a built-in circulation pump, and many models also have an expansion tank. To begin with, consider the connection diagram of a simple gas or diesel unit:

The figure shows a diagram of a closed system with a membrane expansion tank and forced circulation. This type of binding is the most common. The pump with a bypass line and a sump is located on the return line, there is also an expansion tank. The pressure is controlled by pressure gauges, air is removed from the boiler circuit through an automatic air vent.

Note. Tying an electric boiler that is not equipped with a pump is carried out according to the same principle.

When the heat generator is equipped with its own pump, as well as a circuit for heating water for the needs of domestic hot water, the piping and installation of elements is as follows:

Shown here is a wall mounted boiler with forced air injection into a closed combustion chamber. To remove flue gases, a double-walled coaxial gas duct is used, which is brought out horizontally through the wall. If the furnace of the unit is open, then a traditional chimney with good natural draft is needed. How to properly install a chimney from sandwich modules is shown in the figure:

In country houses of a large area, it is often necessary to dock a boiler with several heating circuits - radiator, underfloor heating and an indirect heating boiler for hot water needs. In such a situation, the optimal solution would be to use a hydraulic separator. It will allow you to organize an independent circulation of the coolant in the boiler circuit and at the same time serve as a distribution comb for the remaining branches. Then the schematic diagram of heating a two-story house will look like this:

According to this scheme, each heating circuit has its own pump, so that it works independently of the others. Because to warm floors a coolant with a temperature of no more than 45 ° C should be supplied, three-way valves are involved on these branches. They mix hot water from the main line when the temperature of the coolant in the underfloor heating circuits decreases.

With solid fuel heat generators, the situation is more complicated. Their binding should take into account 2 points:

• possible overheating due to the inertia of the unit, the firewood cannot be extinguished quickly;
• formation of condensate when cold water enters the boiler tank from the network.

To avoid overheating and possible boiling, the circulation pump is always placed on the return line, and a safety group must be on the supply immediately after the heat generator. It consists of three elements: a pressure gauge, an automatic air vent and a safety valve. The presence of the latter is crucial, it is the valve that will relieve excess pressure when the coolant overheats. If you decide to organize, then the following strapping scheme is required:

Here, a bypass and a three-way valve protect the furnace of the unit from condensation. The valve will not allow water from the system to pass into the small circuit until the temperature in it reaches 55 ° C. Detailed information on this issue can be obtained by watching the video:

Advice. Due to the peculiarities of operation, solid fuel boilers are recommended to be used in conjunction with a buffer tank - a heat accumulator, as shown in the diagram:

Many homeowners put in the furnace room two different sources heat. They must be properly tied and connected to the system. In this case, we offer 2 schemes, one of them is for a solid fuel and electric boiler, working together with radiator heating.

The second scheme combines a gas and wood-fired heat generator that supplies heat for heating the house and preparing water for hot water supply:

To install the heating of a private house with your own hands, you first need to decide which pipes to choose for this. The modern market offers several types of metal and polymer pipes suitable for heating private houses:

• steel;
• copper;
• stainless steel;
• polypropylene (PPR);
• polyethylene (PEX, PE-RT);
• metal-plastic.

Heating mains made of ordinary "black" metal are considered a relic of the past, since they are most susceptible to corrosion and "overgrowth" of the flow area. In addition, it is not easy to carry out installation from such pipes on your own: good welding skills are needed in order to carry out a tight joint. However, some homeowners still use steel piping to this day when they install independent heating at home.

Copper or stainless steel tubing is a great choice, but it's too expensive. These are reliable and durable materials that are not afraid of high pressure and temperature, so if funds are available, these products are definitely recommended for use. Copper is joined by soldering, which also requires some skills, and stainless steel - using collapsible or press fittings. Preference should be given to the latter, especially with hidden laying.

Advice. For tying boilers and laying highways within the boiler room, it is best to use any kind of metal pipes.

Heating from polypropylene will cost you the cheapest. Of all types of PPR pipes, it is necessary to choose those that are reinforced with aluminum foil or fiberglass. The low price of the material is their only plus, since the installation of heating from polypropylene pipes is a rather complicated and responsible matter. And in appearance, polypropylene loses to other plastic products.

The joints of PPR pipelines with fittings are carried out by soldering, and it is not possible to check their quality. When the heating was insufficient during soldering, the connection will certainly leak later, but if it is overheated, the blurred polymer will half-block the flow area. Moreover, it will not be possible to see this during assembly, the flaws will make themselves felt later, during operation. The second significant drawback is the large elongation of the material during heating. To avoid "saber" bends, the pipe must be mounted on movable supports, and a gap must be left between the ends of the line and the wall.

It is much easier to make heating from polyethylene or metal-plastic pipes with your own hands. Although the price of these materials is higher than polypropylene. For a beginner, they are most convenient, since the joints here are quite simple. Pipelines can be laid in a screed or wall, but with one condition: the connections must be made on press fittings, not collapsible ones.

Metal-plastic and polyethylene are used both for open laying of highways, and hidden behind any screens, as well as for the installation of water-heated floors. The disadvantage of pipes made of PEX material is in its desire to return to its original state, which is why the laid heating manifold may look slightly wavy. PE-RT polyethylene and metal-plastic do not have such a “memory” and calmly bend as you need. More information about the choice of pipes is described in the video:

An ordinary homeowner, having entered a heating equipment store and seeing the widest selection of different radiators there, may conclude that choosing batteries for his home is not so easy. But this is the first impression, in fact there are not so many varieties of them:

• aluminum;
• bimetallic;
• steel panel and tubular;
• cast iron.

Note. There are also designer water heating devices of a wide variety of types, but they are expensive and deserve a separate detailed description.

Aluminum alloy sectional batteries have the best heat transfer performance, bimetallic heaters are not far from them. The difference between the two is that the former are made entirely of alloy, while the latter have a tubular steel frame inside. This is done with the aim of using the devices in the district heating systems of high-rise buildings, where pressure can be quite high. Therefore, install bimetal radiators in a private cottage does not make sense at all.

It should be noted that the installation of heating in a private house will be cheaper if you purchase steel panel radiators. Yes, their heat transfer performance is less than that of aluminum, but in practice you are unlikely to feel the difference. As for reliability and durability, the devices will successfully serve you for at least 20 years, or even more. In turn, tubular batteries are much more expensive, in this respect they are closer to designer ones.

Steel and aluminum heating appliances are united by one useful quality: they lend themselves well to automatic regulation by means of thermostatic valves. What can not be said about the massive cast iron batteries, on which it is pointless to put such valves. All because of the ability of cast iron to heat up for a long time, and then retain heat for a while. Also because of this, the rate of heating of the premises is reduced.

If we touch on the issue of aesthetics of appearance, then the cast-iron retro radiators currently offered are much more beautiful than any other batteries. But they also cost fabulous money, and inexpensive "accordions" of the Soviet model MS-140 are only suitable for a one-story country house. From the above, the conclusion is:

For a private house, buy those heating devices that you like the most and suit the cost. Just take into account their features and choose the right size and heat output.

Selection by power and methods of connecting radiators

The selection of the number of sections or the size of the panel radiator is carried out according to the amount of heat required to heat the room. We have already determined this value at the very beginning, it remains to reveal a couple of nuances. The fact is that the manufacturer indicates the heat transfer of the section for the temperature difference between the coolant and the room air, equal to 70 ° C. To do this, the water in the battery must warm up to at least 90 ° C, which happens very rarely.

It turns out that the actual thermal power of the device will be significantly lower than indicated in the passport, because usually the temperature in the boiler is maintained at 60-70 ° C on the coldest days. Accordingly, for proper space heating, the installation of radiators with at least one and a half heat transfer margins is required. For example, when a room needs 2 kW of heat, you must take heating appliances with a capacity of at least 2 x 1.5 = 3 kW.

Indoors, batteries are placed in places of greatest heat loss - under windows or near blank outer walls. In this case, the connection to the highways can be done in several ways:

• lateral unilateral;
• diagonal versatile;
• lower - if the radiator has corresponding pipes.

The lateral connection of the device on one side is most often used when it is connected to risers, and the diagonal one - to horizontally laid lines. These 2 methods allow you to effectively use the entire surface of the battery, which will heat up evenly.

When a one-pipe heating system is installed, the bottom versatile connection is also used. But then the efficiency of the device decreases, and hence the heat transfer. The difference in surface heating is illustrated in the figure:

There are models of radiators, where the design provides for the connection of pipes from below. Such devices have internal wiring and in fact they have a one-sided side circuit. This is clearly seen in the figure, where the battery is shown in section.

A lot of useful information on the choice of heating devices can be found by watching the video:

5 common editing mistakes

Of course, when installing a heating system, you can make much more than five flaws, but we will highlight the 5 most egregious ones that can lead to disastrous consequences. Here they are:

• wrong choice of heat source;
• errors in the piping of the heat generator;
• incorrectly selected heating system;
• careless installation of the pipelines and fittings themselves;
• improper installation and connection of heating devices.

A boiler of insufficient power is one of the typical mistakes. It is allowed when selecting a unit designed not only to heat the premises, but also to prepare water for the needs of hot water supply. If you do not take into account the additional power required to heat the water, the heat generator will not cope with its functions. As a result, the coolant in the batteries and the water in the DHW system will not heat up to the desired temperature.

Details play not only a functional role, but also serve security purposes. For example, it is recommended to install a pump on the return pipeline just before the heat generator, in addition to the bypass line. Moreover, the pump shaft must be in a horizontal position. Another mistake is to install a crane in the area between the boiler and the security group, this is strictly unacceptable.

Important. When connecting a solid fuel boiler, the pump must not be placed in front of the three-way valve, but only after it (along the coolant).

The expansion tank is taken with a volume of 10% of the total amount of water in the system. With an open circuit, it is placed at the highest point, with a closed one - on the return pipeline, in front of the pump. Between them there should be a sump mounted in a horizontal position with the plug down. The wall-mounted boiler is connected to the pipelines by means of American women.

When the heating system is chosen incorrectly, you risk overpaying for materials and installation, and then incurring additional costs to bring it to mind. Most often, errors occur when installing single-pipe systems, when more than 5 radiators are tried to “hang” on one branch, which then do not heat. The flaws in the installation of the system include non-observance of slopes, poor-quality connections and installation of the wrong fittings.

For example, a thermostatic valve or a conventional ball valve is installed at the radiator inlet, and a balancing valve is installed at the outlet to adjust the heating system. If pipes are installed to radiators in the floor or walls, then they must be insulated so that the coolant does not cool down along the way. When joining polypropylene pipes, it is necessary to carefully adhere to the heating time with a soldering iron so that the connection is reliable.

Choosing a coolant

It is well known that filtered and, if possible, demineralized water is most often used for this purpose. But under certain conditions, such as periodic heating, water can freeze and destroy the system. Then the latter is filled with a non-freezing liquid - antifreeze. But you should take into account the properties of this liquid and do not forget to remove all gaskets from ordinary rubber from the system. From antifreeze, they quickly become limp and a leak occurs.

Attention! Not every boiler can work with non-freezing liquid, which is displayed in its technical data sheet. This must be checked upon purchase.

As a rule, the system is filled with coolant directly from the water supply through a make-up valve and a check valve. In the process of filling, air is removed from it through automatic air vents and Mayevsky manual taps. With a closed circuit, pressure is monitored by a pressure gauge. Usually, in a cold state, it lies in the range of 1.2-1.5 bar, and during operation it does not exceed 3 bar. In an open circuit, it is necessary to monitor the water level in the tank and turn off the make-up when it flows out of the overflow pipe.

Antifreeze is pumped into a closed heating system with a special manual or automatic pump equipped with a pressure gauge. In order for the process not to be interrupted, the liquid must be prepared in advance in a container of the appropriate capacity, from where it should be pumped into the pipeline network. Filling an open system is easier: antifreeze can simply be poured or pumped into an expansion tank.

Conclusion

If you carefully understand all the nuances, it becomes clear that installing a heating system in a private house on your own is quite realistic. But you need to understand that this will require a lot of time and effort from you, including for monitoring the installation if you decide to hire specialists for this.