The need for a well for water in your own area can be due to various reasons. As a rule, owners of private houses who do not have access to centralized communications decide to create such a source. An alternative may be the formation of a well on its own, but this option is not always possible. A small-sized drilling rig allows minimizing the cost of creating a well. Water drilling with such a machine requires less cost than in the case of medium-sized equipment. In addition, mini-installations practically do not harm plantings and structures located within the working area.

The device of small-sized drilling rigs

The most widespread are installations that are designed for drilling wells by rotating working elements. In the process of work, they transport the masses of destroyed rock through screw mechanisms. Using this technique, screw piles are also twisted. In the basic configuration, a small-sized drilling rig for a well contains: a mast with two winches, a gear motor, a movable carriage, as well as connecting units and assemblies. The main connecting component is the mast. A carriage is installed on it, carrying a motor with a safety sub and a swivel. Winches are also fixed on the mast.

To perform drilling operations, the safety sub is connected to the drill rods and the drill. Power is provided by an electric generator installed at the base of the structure. In addition, small-sized drilling rigs are equipped with a motor pump, which is also located in the base area. This component is connected to the swivel by means of a special sleeve.

Specifications

There are many versions of this type of equipment, which differ both in power and in the size of the resulting well. On average, such a unit allows drilling to a depth of 30-50 m. If the design is supplemented with auxiliary hoses, this figure can be increased to 100 m. As a rule, the diameter of the drill is 100 mm. This is the optimal value if you want to provide a well to supply a small private house. The power that small-sized water drilling rigs have is on average 8-10 liters. With. Units running on an electric motor provide a power output of 1.1 kW. Depending on the characteristics of the ground, different speeds may be required. The richer their set, the more efficient the drilling process will be. The minimum frequency is approximately 1.1 rpm, and the maximum can reach 6-7 rpm.

Preparing the installation for operation

Despite their relatively modest dimensions compared to full-fledged installations, small-sized machines require crew maintenance. In the preparation of equipment, for example, the driller and several assistants should participate directly. First of all, the condition of the machine is checked. For this, fasteners and lubricants are analyzed. If the unit has not been used before, then it is necessary to remove the factory grease from the surfaces, then rinse these places with gasoline and wipe them off.

As for fasteners, the reliability of fixing screws with nuts should be assessed. Typically, small-sized drilling rigs provide free access to the most important components and mechanisms, so there should not be any difficulties in checking the equipment. If all parts are in good condition, you can install the machine at the work site. This procedure will not cause any particular difficulties either - the main thing is that the place of the future well should have a flat surface.

Operating Instructions

Right before drilling, it is necessary to correctly configure the working components of the installation. In particular, the motor pump must be connected to the pressure outlet. Further, a pressure hose is connected to it. Then water is poured into the motor pump - this action activates the pump function. Oil must be added to the engine if it is missing. The gasoline generator is also refueled with the appropriate fuel. From this moment you can start working. The drilling of wells with a small-sized drilling rig is started through a special starter, which will start the rotation of the drill. Usually, control is carried out using a remote control on the winch - it also immerses the drill into a prepared pit. When the swivel reaches the bottom point, the rotation process should be stopped. At this stage, the motor pump is turned off, and the drill is unscrewed back on the appropriate command through the control panel.

Installation lift

By means of the effort from the winch, the gearbox is lifted to the upper position. In this case, the rotation of the drill must continue. After that, turn off the gearbox and motor pump. The lower lock should be located at the bottom of the drill rod. An elevator is placed under it, and then the pipe string is lowered until the lock stops in a special slot. As a rule, small-sized drilling rigs involve alternately unscrewing the drill rods in the lower and upper parts. To work with each of them, it is necessary to hold their bases with a special key. Next, the corresponding button on the control panel is pressed and the process of unscrewing the swivel from the rod starts.

Safety regulations

If you plan to work with electrical equipment, then grounding should be provided through the special elements included in the kit. Before starting work, the driller must coordinate with the assistants the warning signals that will be given during the work. It should be borne in mind that small-sized drilling rigs for drilling wells pose a particular danger precisely in the process of work. In this regard, safety rules prohibit touching the rotating parts of the machine, performing repair operations until the machine stops completely, opening the control panel in the presence of voltage, etc.

Maintenance nuances

After completion of work activities, the equipment should be cleaned of dirt and thoroughly wiped. Lubrication procedures with the help of grease are subjected to rubbing surfaces, bearings and joints. If the machine is used regularly, lubrication and broaching of threaded fasteners should be performed monthly. Separately, the condition of the carriage, which is supplied with small-sized drilling rigs in almost all versions, is assessed. This element must move freely and unhindered along the rack in the directions provided for by the design. Experts recommend keeping a journal in which all lubrication and replacement of machine parts will be noted. In the future, this will help to quickly identify the malfunction and take appropriate measures to eliminate it.

Benefits of small drilling rigs

One of the main factors of the widespread use of such installations is the ease of operation, as well as low costs for organizing drilling activities. Also, if it is impossible to use massive and more powerful installations, this option becomes the only possible one. In addition, a well with a small-sized drilling rig is formed with high accuracy, which makes it possible to carry out work without damage to the ennobled garden or plot. The problem for medium-sized equipment is often the inaccessibility of the drilling point due to dense buildings. In turn, small-sized installations make it possible to cope with direct tasks even in hard-to-reach areas.

Conclusion

The scope of this type of machine rarely goes beyond the needs of private homeowners. Here, there are already limitations and disadvantages that a small-sized drilling rig has. Drilling with this technique rarely allows you to form artesian well, and depths up to 100 m become available only with additional equipment. There are others weak spots, due to the design. For example, in the process of drilling with some small-sized rigs, you can notice the removal of the main rack horizontally and, in general, the unreliability of the design. However, such disadvantages matter only with regular work in industrial areas.

The development of a private well for water is an important stage in organizing autonomous water supply and arranging the site. In this case, a significant expense item is the payment for the services of professional drillers.

An alternative solution to this issue for many site owners is a small-sized drilling rig that combines reliability and ease of operation. In addition, drilling equipment can be assembled with your own hands from improvised materials.

Types of downhole drilling rigs

A productive mini drilling rig has been successfully provided for the arrangement of shallow aquifers.

Based on the available drilling methods, the units are divided into the following types:

1. drum kits. They are represented by a triangular frame structure with a solid base, to which a flexible cable with a bailer and a chisel is attached. Differ in simplicity of installation and reliability of operation.
2. Screw installations. The equipment is equipped with a drilling auger for excavation of the soil in the required volume without additional flushing of the hydraulic structure with water.
3. Rotary installations. Productive equipment that provides for hydraulic drilling of wells. Manual rotary installation - the most affordable option, which does not use an electric motor, and all drilling work is done manually.

The drilling rig is intended for operation on land plots where it is not possible to install full-fledged drilling units. It is compact and mobile, so it is easily transported and used in relief areas with difficult access roads.

Advantages of homemade drilling rigs

Home-made designs of MGBU are successfully used in the development of water wells for private households. There are many advantages to such equipment:

• compact size and light weight;
• simple design;
• high efficiency and versatility;
• affordable transportation, quick installation and dismantling;
• no negative impact on the landscape of the site where the well is being developed;
• the ability to use in small areas and in confined spaces (house extensions, garages and basements);
• connection to a standard electrical network or an independent power source;
• affordable cost of homemade devices;
• high maintainability.

Hammer drilling

The most reliable way to develop a hydraulic structure, for which a small rig is used, is a metal pipe equipped with a bailer. The equipment is operated in areas with moving and soft soils - the bailer captures part of the rock from the borehole channel, extracting it to the surface.

Percussive drilling is a labor-intensive option for the development of a borehole channel, which has special requirements:

• increased strength of the flexible cable for extracting large volumes of soil;
• safety of installation and operation;
• high performance.

The main advantages of such drilling include:

• long service life of the finished well;
• the possibility of arranging a hydraulic structure with a large diameter;
• exclusion of water clogging by foreign impurities during well development;
• the ability to control the level of the aquifer;
• high efficiency of work in the winter.

Among the disadvantages are:

• reduced speed of overcoming rocks, if the depth of the structure is significant;
• mandatory arrangement of the casing string;
• the possibility of collapse of individual layers of soil during the passage of quicksand.

Auger drilling

Efficient and safe way of arranging a shallow aquifer in mobile and light soils with a high sand content. The development of a working channel for a hydraulic structure is carried out by an auger rod equipped with an end cutter and paddle elements, which are designed to lift the soil to the surface.

The advantages of such a method are:

• speed of execution of a complex of works on drilling;
• ease of assembly and installation of equipment on the site;
• no need to attract qualified specialists and expensive equipment to raise the soil to the surface;
• the ability to operate in small areas.

Rotary drilling

An effective way to lay a private aquifer in hard and immovable soils with a high content of limestone, pebbles and gravel.

To develop the well, a hydraulic rotary unit is used - a drilling tool equipped with a rotating bit and a rotary mechanism.

Rotary drilling provides efficient development of the borehole channel, rapid achievement of deep aquifers and stable well flow rate.

In areas with loose and moving soils containing sand and clay, the well is equipped with a spoon drill - a cylindrical installation with spiral-shaped holes. For dense loamy soils, a serpentine drill is used, which works on the principle of a corkscrew. For stony and dense soils, a chisel of a pointed design is suitable.

This method has only two drawbacks: a significant consumption of the solution for flushing the well channel and the possible penetration of clay particles into the aquifer.

Well flush drilling

The most productive and efficient way to develop a borehole channel with a depth of more than 35 meters. The mini water well drilling rig is able to achieve a penetration rate of up to 12 m/h, which is much higher than other methods.

The drilling process provides for mandatory flushing of the well channel in a direct and reverse way.

• Washing in a direct way - the supply of a solution for washing out and ejecting the soil to the surface.
• Flushing in the reverse way - the supply of the solution into the borehole channel and subsequent pumping out with the soil mass using pumping equipment.

Pipes or hoses for drilling are used as a channel for supplying the flushing solution.

The drilling fluid is designed to perform the following functions:

• cooling and lubrication of the working elements of the drilling rig;
• washing out of soil from the borehole channel;
• reinforcement of the casing string.

A drilling rig is used to supply the flushing solution into the channel. pump equipment or pumps.

Assembly of a small-sized manual drilling rig

For the manufacture of the installation at home, it is necessary to prepare the main components and working tools:

• connecting cross plumbing;
• hacksaw on a metal surface;
• metal pipe with a diameter of 0.5 inches;
• steel plates;
• Adjustable wrench;
• 0.5 inch dia.

Important! Some structural elements for the drilling unit cannot be made by hand, so they must be purchased in advance.

Self-assembly of a manual structure involves the preparation of a pipe cut, which will be used as a base for a drilling rig.

All work is carried out in the following order:

1. To create a cross structure, notches 2 cm long are made at the ends of the pipe.
2. Steel plates in the form of a tip are welded from the end of the pipe.
3. The water supply hose is connected to the cross hole, and an adapter is used for a more secure fixation. Water is supplied to check the operability of the structure.
4. A plumbing thread is installed in the cross hole, it is better if it is made of plastic or hemp fiber.
5. A segment equipped with a tip is connected to the base of the pipe with the help of a drive.

Important! After completion of drilling a well and when a meter depth is reached, the tip with an elongated pipe section is replaced.

Production of an electric drilling rig

To make a do-it-yourself electric drilling rig, you should start by preparing working materials and tools:

• electric drill with drills;
• screwdriver;
• Bulgarian;
• apparatus for welding;
• bailer (drill);
• cup;
• frame (bed);
• reducer.

For continuous water supply to the borehole channel, the drilling rig is connected to a gearbox, which performs the function of an electric drive. The channel is cleaned with a bailer.

The manufacture of the drilling rig is carried out as follows:

1. Preliminary production of a glass from a cut of a metal pipe with a diameter of up to 12 cm. The greater the mass of the installation, the higher the speed of the passage of soil.
2. A hole in the form of triangular teeth is made in the lower part of the cut.
3. A pit is being prepared at the site for lowering the drilling rig.
4. The drill is made of a metal pipe with a diameter of 10 cm. A screw thread is screwed in the upper part, and a screw element with a diameter of up to 22 cm is installed on the opposite end.

1. Sharp metal knives are fixed to the auger by welding at an angle to increase the speed of the passage of the soil.
2. To simplify the work with the auger, a piece of pipe up to 150 cm long is connected to the rod using a tee. This will ensure effective interception of the drill during manual operation of the installation.

Important! When developing a borehole channel with a depth of more than 8 meters, the drilling rig is mounted on a special tripod made of metal or wood.

A small-sized drilling rig is a productive equipment for the development of an aquifer on a private land plot. The design of drilling rigs is simple and reliable. At the same time, there are significant differences between the installations in terms of price, technical parameters and service life.

In addition, it is quite simple to make home-made drilling units, the main thing is to prepare high-quality components and follow the step-by-step instructions.

Drilling a well on the site is a large-scale task. Not every owner of a house can afford the services of a professional team, and hiring “handicraftsmen” is, in most cases, just throwing money away.

It is easier to do all the work yourself: you work more diligently for yourself, and there are fewer expenses. In addition, if the drilling rig is made by hand, the costs will seem literally ridiculous compared to the real drilling prices.

We will tell you how to make a machine for manually driving a water intake on the site. The information presented by us is based on the practical experience of independent drillers. To complete the perception of a difficult topic, the proposed information is supplemented with useful diagrams, photo collections, and videos.

A novice driller needs to be patient and get ready to do not the easiest job.

You will also need improvised means and inexpensive materials for the manufacture of a rig and a drill, as well as common sense and a couple of friends to help.

Image gallery

Well drilling is a work akin to art, since the result is unpredictable, and each structure is unique. The task is to make a long and narrow shaft in the ground to the aquifer and lower a casing pipe into it to strengthen the walls of the working.

In the process, you will have to extract a lot of soil, and this soil can be very different: from pieces of granite to sand mixed with water.

Much depends on the depth of the aquifer. Sometimes you need to walk to it less than 10 meters, and sometimes it reaches several tens or even hundreds of meters. All this affects the methods of drilling and its timing. To arrange a well, there are two main methods: shock-rope and rotary, in the modern interpretation of the screw.

Homemade drilling rigs for manual drilling are built according to a single scheme. The drilling rig is made in the form of a tripod

In the first case, with the help of a narrow and heavy projectile called a bailer. It is hung on a rope or cable, which is thrown over a block fixed on a tripod. A winch with a motor is used to pull the drill out of the mine, although this can also be done manually if desired.

The projectile is dropped several times to the bottom of the working from a height of several meters. It loosens the soil, part of which falls into the cavity of the bailer. After deepening into the ground by about 0.5 m, the drill is removed from the trunk. The projectile is cleaned and thrown back into the mine. The process is repeated until they reach the water.

The percussion rope method is very old, having been used for centuries, if not millennia. It is relatively easy to make a bailer, you will need sheet steel 4-5 mm thick or a thick-walled pipe Ø 110-120 mm, as well as skills in working with a welding machine. And you can even work as a bailer alone, although with an assistant, things will go much faster.

The advantages of percussive drilling are not only in its availability. The bailer is reliable, it passes almost any soil except rocks. If it is necessary to overcome a layer of sandy loam or loam, the bailer is replaced with an appropriately sized glass - a narrow cylinder without a valve at the bottom.

The bailer is used to lift all types of non-cohesive soils: sands, crushed stone, gravel and pebble deposits. It is used to clear the bottom of the well and during the operation of the mine to remove silt deposits.

The glass effectively destroys clayey rocks, which, due to their ability to compact and stick to the walls, are retained in its cavity.

As soon as the penetration of the bailer is significantly reduced, it means that it has met the roof of loam or sandy loam, which is why it is changed to a glass. As soon as the soil destroyed in the well ceases to linger in the cavity of the glass, it is changed to a bailer.

In one “session” it is possible to deepen the shaft by a meter, although more often this figure is more modest, about 20-40 cm. This is the disadvantage of the shock-rope method - a long time of work. On clay plastic soils, it is more efficient to use an auger or otherwise a serpentine drill.

In manual drilling, it is most often necessary to combine shock-rope methods with rotational ones, therefore it is better to stock up on the minimum set of shells shown in the diagram.

The working tool of the screw installation is a column of rods with a drill at the lower end. The tool is literally screwed into the ground, which is partially held on its blades.

Periodically, the auger, together with the loosened soil, is removed to the daylight surface, and the face with the collapsed moldboard is cleared with a bailer. Then again, taking root deeper into the ground with each turn.

The rods are gradually built up as the mine deepens. First, the length of the drill string is increased by fastening one rod. When its upper part is almost aligned with the wellhead, a second one is attached, then a third, etc.

You can rotate the drill manually or with the help of an electric motor rotor. To keep the rod in the correct vertical position, industrial mobile drilling rigs use a vertical frame fixed to the frame. According to this principle, you can make your own machine.

The diagram shows a variant of a do-it-yourself drilling rig, as well as the result: a relatively compact device for drilling wells

Simultaneously with the deepening, the wellbore is cased, i.e. a pipe is installed in the drilled working, the diameter of which is 1-2 cm larger than the similar size of the projectile. Casing links are connected into a single structure by screwing or welding.

If a large amount of water is fed into a cased well under pressure, the bottom can be cleaned without the use of a bailer. This method has been successfully used by professional teams. Water erodes loosened soil and washes it to the surface.

The drilling fluid speeds up the work several times, but everything around will be flooded with water mixed with mud. Yes, and stony soils in this way will not pass. All this must be taken into account even before proceeding with the manufacture of your own drilling rig. In addition, you need to decide on your goals and objectives.

If you need a unit for the construction of only one or two wells, you can not particularly pore over the thoroughness of execution. But a solid and durable drilling rig can be a good reason to start your own well drilling business.

Production of percussion drilling rig

A tripod with a bailer is a simple design, like everything ingenious. Its dimensions can be estimated “by eye”, especially precise engineering calculations are not needed here. For example, the height of the tripod on which the bailer will be fixed should be about a meter more than this drill.

If carried out in the basement of the house, the dimensions of the structure will be limited by the height of the ceiling.

Percussion drilling is performed using a heavy projectile - a bailer. It is thrown down from a height, the soil collapses and fills the cavity inside the bailer, after which the device is removed and cleaned

In an open space, the bailer can be hung higher to increase the impact force. But do not make it too high, it is not effective. The bailer itself should be quite heavy. To effectively loosen the soil, it is better to make notches on its sole or grind off a sharp edge.

The optimal length for drilling is considered to be the length of the projectile in the range of 1.8 - 2.2 meters, so that the driller can freely reach the top of the drill to attach or detach the cable. However, in manual drilling, 1.0 - 1.2 m is considered the best length of the bailer. This size allows you to reach the bottom of the projectile with your hand if it does not empty when loam sticks, for example.

In shock-rope drilling, a bailer with a length of about 1.2 - 2.0 meters is used. The projectile must be heavy enough to break the ground and pull it to the surface in large quantities.

The bailer is most often made from a piece of metal pipe, the desired thickness of the metal is 4 - 6 mm.

To make such a drilling device, you must perform the following operations:

1. Prepare a piece of pipe of a suitable size.
2. Make a valve at the bottom of the projectile.
3. Weld a protective mesh on top.
4. Boil the handle or “lugs” to secure the rope.
5. Sharpen the lower part of the projectile or weld a few "teeth" from pieces of metal or from pieces of thick wire.
6. Make a tripod out of metal pipes.
7. Install a block, winch and engine to lift the projectile from the mine.
8. Tie a rope to the bailer and assemble the structure.

The bailer valve deserves special attention. Small diameter projectiles use a ball valve. A metal ball with a diameter slightly more than half the diameter of the bailer is suitable for its role.

If a suitable ball was not found, it can be made from improvised materials. For example, a mixture of lead shot and epoxy resin is often used for these purposes; some kind of children's ball made of plastic or rubber plays the role of a casting mold.

The flap valve of the bailer consists of a round piece of metal that covers the gap at the bottom of the glass, as well as a spring that keeps it closed

A washer with a hole is welded from below, the diameter of which is smaller than the dimensions of the ball so that it does not fly out. For the same purposes, at the top, at some distance from the protective grid, a stopper is placed - a piece of metal that limits the upward movement of the ball. The wire grate prevents large pieces of soil from falling out of the bailer.

The valve ball must not fall below the level of the sharp edge or metal teeth, otherwise it will dampen the impact force. On the other hand, the "teeth" should not be made too long, otherwise they will not allow part of the soil to get inside the bailer.

A window is cut out in the upper third of the body of the bailer. It will be needed when the full bailer needs to be cleaned of soil that has accumulated inside.

For the manufacture of the ball valve of the bailer, a metal ball with a diameter of about 60 mm is needed. Such an element can be obtained from a large bearing

Another version of the valve is petal. It is made from a piece of metal. The petal valve looks like a round door, mounted on a spring at the bottom of the bailer. When the projectile moves down, the valve opens under the pressure of the soil, and then the spring closes it and holds the soil inside. Sometimes such a valve is sealed with a piece of rubber, but this is not necessary.

If, when drilling, it turns out that it captures too little soil, it may just be necessary to slightly correct the design. Sometimes you need to squander the clearance at the bottom of the device a little. If the projectile is too light, it should be made heavier.

To do this, the upper part of the bailer is sometimes poured with concrete. But you can simply attach an additional load on the movable connection from above.

A tripod for cable percussion drilling can be made from a metal pipe, but durable wood, such as a 150-200 mm beam, is also suitable for short-term use.

On viscous soils, a type of bailer without a valve may be effective. Dense soil is stuffed into the projectile and held there naturally. Clean out such a device through a narrow vertical hole on the side.

If possible and necessary, two different bailers should be made to use them on different soils. The bailer is also used to clean the finished well from sand and dirt. But in this situation there is no need to make such a large projectile, a device with a length of about 0.8 -1.0 meters is also suitable.

Construction of an auger drilling rig

The frame of such an installation can be made in the form of a tripod, but more often it is made of vertical guides fixed on a stand and connected from above by a horizontal structure. The frame of the machine must securely hold the working string of and extendable rods when extracting them from their wells.

The diagram clearly shows the device of a drilling rig on a metal frame with a swivel, a drill, an electric winch and a geared motor (+)

The drill is made as follows:

1. A pair of turns of a metal strip is welded to a segment of a narrow metal pipe about 1.5 meters long to make it look like a screw thread.
2. Knives are attached to the edges of the screw, the cutting edges of which should be at an angle to the horizontal.
3. Knives are sharpened.
4. A tee with an internal thread is screwed or welded to the upper edge of the drill.
5. Pieces of a metal pipe of the same diameter are prepared. as the auger pipe, in order to further increase the length of the drill string. These are rods.
6. Threads are cut on these pieces of pipe to connect them or a hole is drilled for fixing with a locking pin.

However, to increase the length of the drill rod, a coupling or lock connection is also quite successfully used. The drilling rig can be made of metal pipes, channel bars or wood. The main thing is that it securely holds the drill string.

A block is installed in the upper part of the frame, which is connected to a winch for lifting a pipe string with a drill string. It is believed that the tower is necessary only at a depth of more than eight meters. A small structure can be drilled without it, but the work will still be difficult.

Increasing the length of the drill rod significantly makes the string heavier, therefore, an electric motor with a winch is used to lift it. If it is supposed to perform "wet" drilling, the rotation of the drill is also carried out using an electric motor.

Experts consider the best option for these purposes is a typical device with a power of 2.2 kW at 60-70 revolutions, which can be powered from a conventional 220 V outlet. Models such as 3MP 31.5, 3MP 40 or 3MP 50 may be suitable.

A swivel is an element by which the driving moment is transmitted from the electric motor to the drill rod. Through it, drilling fluid is also fed into the mine. Drill rods are fixed on the movable part of this device. A special hermetic pipe is designed for drilling mud.

The diagram shows the design of a swivel for a small drilling rig. Flushing fluid is supplied through the side pipe into the shaft (+)

Since the swivel is constantly moving during drilling, if it is of poor quality, it can break very quickly. To prevent this from happening, two rules must be observed: use only high-strength steel for its manufacture and ensure a minimum gap between the static and moving elements of the device.

As already mentioned, there are no super-strict rules for installing self-made drilling rigs for wells. Most often, a hybrid design is constructed, which allows the simultaneous use of both the shock-rope method and rotary drilling.

In this design, the same frame is arranged, which allows you to switch from one method to another without making any structural changes.

If there is a desire to do it professionally, then it is better to purchase all the details on the side, and not do it yourself, or rent it. You can order all these elements from an experienced turner. You will need to buy a reliable electric motor with a gearbox, and a motor pump, sleeve and hose, if you plan to perform work using hydraulic pressure.

It is better to make a frame and a drill after a swivel, electric motor and winch are purchased. This will allow you to correctly and quickly fit all parts of the installation to each other. To be able to build longer rods on the drill, it is recommended to make a frame with a margin of about 3.3 m.

Quality steel should be used for the manufacture of the swivel and locks, since these parts of the structure endure the highest loads during the drilling process.

A swivel for a self-made drilling rig can also be made independently, but it will be easier and more reliable to use an industrial model of such a device

Hardened steel is not very suitable for making homemade drilling rigs, because after processing it needs additional grinding, it is better to take ordinary steel. It is best to use trapezoidal rather than tapered threads on rods.

It has sufficient strength characteristics, and any turner can handle such a thread. But for the manufacture of a rod with a conical thread, you will have to look for a specialist.

For drilling to a depth of more than 30 meters, it is recommended to make rods from pipes with a wall of 5-6 mm thick. Ordinary pipes with a wall of 3.5 mm may not withstand such loads. For the manufacture of a drill, it is better to take not alloyed steel, but ordinary, so that there are no problems during the welding process.

For drilling hard soils, it makes sense to use a high-strength industrial drill bit. A good effect is the use of a projectile with three blades. During its operation, cyclic rotation is used, which allows loosening the soil as efficiently as possible.

Drilling tools for manual work are of different designs. There are spoon and coil models, as well as a drill bit. Spoon drills are effective on plastic soils: sandy loam, loam, clay. The cutter of such a drill is usually made in the form of a bucket. Such a drill can be made independently from a pipe of a suitable diameter.

On dense loams, you can also use a serpentine drill. This device is similar in design to a corkscrew, and the cutting element is forked, the so-called swallow's tail. As an alternative to the kite drill, you can use an analogue of the ice drill, but it may not be as effective.

On hard rocks, a drill bit with a taper angle of 110-130 degrees shows itself best. The chisel can have a very different shape, since they are calculated on the destruction of rocks of various degrees of hardness.

The drill bit is suitable for working on hard and soft soils. Such a drill can be made from improvised materials

For drilling complex geological sections, it is sometimes better to use drilling in two stages with two different drills. First, drilling is carried out with a narrow drill, with a diameter of about 80 mm. After such exploratory drilling, work is carried out with a larger diameter drill in order to obtain a well of the desired size.

The lifting capacity of the winch must be at least one ton. In addition to the electric winch, some craftsmen immediately install another, mechanical one. It copes more effectively in some cases, for example, if the casing is jammed. It is recommended to use two different control panels for the electric motor and winch.

A home-made well drilling rig is not a very complicated unit, leaving room for engineering work. But it should be remembered that the components and mechanisms of such a device during the drilling process experience significant loads. Therefore, the materials must be durable, and the work must be done as best as possible.

Today it is quite expensive, which is why not everyone can afford such a pleasure on suburban area. The final price largely depends on the depth of the object. The larger this parameter, the more expensive such a source of clean and cold water will cost you. Nevertheless, a do-it-yourself drilling rig is made quite simply. Thus, you can make a well not only for yourself, but also earn some money. Let's talk about everything in order.

Rig classification

To date, there are only 4 types of drilling rigs that are used in one way or another. Some of them are more popular, others less. For example, an installation operating according to the shock-rope principle of operation is the easiest to manufacture. In fact, this is a triangular-shaped frame to which a cable and bailer are attached.

Screw installations are more popular. The screw is used as a working part throughout the process. It is noteworthy that the borehole is not washed with water during drilling.

Rotary units are even more difficult to manufacture. They work on the principle of hydraulic drilling, which already complicates the design. There is also a rotary manual hydraulic drilling rig. It is relatively simple to make such a unit with your own hands, we will talk about this a little lower.

About the advantages of homemade installations

Of course, there are a large number of advantages of a self-assembled drilling rig. First, it is cost savings. Of course, you will have to buy some components, but this does not compare in price with ready-made equipment. In any case, you will keep approximately 40-50% of your assets and gain experience in the process. Secondly, a homemade drilling rig will have the same technical characteristics as a factory-type product. It's pretty important point, since you can assemble a completely productive device. Typically, the weight of the unit is relatively light, and it can be quickly dismantled and reassembled. Along with decent mobility, this will allow you to drill wells even in the most inaccessible areas. As you can see, at least take away the merits. Let's move on to the practical part and talk directly about the assembly.

What do you need to get started?

Naturally, just taking and making a drilling rig will not work. To do this, you first need to prepare. It is desirable that by the time of assembly you have a minimum experience with welding. This will greatly facilitate your life, since you will not need to involve specialists or acquaintances. Also at hand should be an electric drill and a grinder. Why all this is needed, we will consider a little later.

But this is not the whole list of tools. It will be difficult for you to do without a device for creating an external thread, as well as an adjustable wrench and a plumbing cross. As a material, we need a galvanized pipe and a ½ inch drive. A special coating in our case is necessary, since if there is no zinc, the pipe will quickly rust. There is nothing good in this, since replacing it is a very problematic task. Well, now let's move on to the practical part of this article.

The first stage of assembly work

At the very beginning, we need to prepare the pipe sections of the drilling rig, which are its main part. Their connection is realized by means of drives and crosses. To avoid any problems, a 2-centimeter external thread is provided at the ends of each pipe section. A metal plate is welded to two segments, it will be a tip. Such an installation will be effective only if water is constantly supplied to the drilling site. This will remove the soil, and thereby gradually deepen the hole. To supply water, you can use a regular hose that connects to the hole in the cross blank. In priority, the connection must be made using a suitable adapter. Well, now let's go further.

Do-it-yourself mini-drilling rig: we continue to work

At this stage, you should deal with threaded connections. It is necessary to ensure that they are durable, since the duration of the operation of the drilling rig depends on this. The equipped tip should be connected to the lower end of the pipe, that is, to the one that will be in direct contact with the surface to be treated. The connection should be made with the help of a drive.

You should have several tips on hand. This is necessary so that in the process of work they can be changed. That is, at the very beginning of drilling, the shortest one is used, and after we get a hole 1 meter deep, we set a longer one. At the same time, you must understand that the length of the tip and the workpiece are different. Drilling is carried out by rotating the working unit. The sharp tip and water will do the rest of the work for you. In general, this stage is quite simple, the main thing is that the connections are of high quality and the tips are strong. By the way, the latter must be changed periodically, as they will break, become dull, etc.

How to make a drilling rig with your own hands?

We have already done about half of the work. But then there were the most responsible and important stages. The basis of the drilling structure is assembled from a square section profile. By and large, this is a rack with the constituent elements of our design. To connect the supports to the racks, you must use the transition platform. It is quite natural that in this case it is problematic to do without welding. If you can, then cook it yourself, if not, call someone who will do it well.

The platform and the motor are attached to a square profile. The latter is mounted on a rack in such a way that it can move along it, that is, pivotally along the guides. It is desirable that the dimensions of the profile at least slightly exceed the dimensions of the rack. Any self-made, must have a suitable electric motor or gasoline engine. Regardless of the type of power element, its power must be at least 0.5 liters. With. This will be quite enough for the drilling process to proceed normally. It is desirable that it be possible to adjust the power; for this, an intermediate shaft must be installed between the engine and the working body.

Completing work

Now we turn on the water. Please note that it must be fed to the drill during the entire period of work. If this simple rule is not observed, then drilling efficiency will decrease significantly. High-performance drilling rigs with a high number of revolutions often imply the presence of water cooling. In our case, this is not at all necessary, but it is necessary to remove the soil from the well in any case. If you follow all the above rules, then everything will be fine. In any case, homemade drilling rigs require care and periodic maintenance. With your own hands, you will repair them, change the tip, change the lubricant in the gearbox, etc.

Conclusion

Currently, there are a huge number of varieties of home-made rigs for drilling wells. Some of them are really good and have high efficiency, the design of others leaves much to be desired. For example, if you decide to make a drilling rig with a cartridge, then the weight of the latter should be as large as possible. This is due to the fact that it is they who will carry out drilling. As a blank, you can take a pipe with a diameter of 10-12 cm and a length of 10-20 cm. This should be quite enough for effective work.

Now you know how a do-it-yourself drilling rig is made. During the assembly process, it is desirable to use popular drawings, which will allow you to comply with the dimensions and design features. Your homemade drilling rig will be no worse than any factory, and maybe even better.

Drilling a well in some cases is considered the only way to organize water supply to a private area. At the same time, the call of professional drillers, although it deprives the owners of a big headache, is still not cheap. Therefore, for many, an attractive option iswell drilling righandcrafted. There are several options for small-sized drilling rigs (MGBU), which each site owner can make independently. Below we will talk about the manufacturing technology of the most popular designs, combining simplicity and efficiency of operation.

Small-sized drilling equipment is usually used for drilling wells with a depth of less than 100 m. As a rule, it is used in those situations where the operation of large-sized equipment is difficult or can cause serious damage to the landscape.

Drilling a well is the best way to provide water to your site.

The advantages of MGBU include:

• small size and weight;
• simple design;
• ease of installation and transportation;
• possibility of application in conditions of limited space;
• good maintainability.

Small-sized installations are very popular with private homeowners

According to the method of soil destructiondrilling rigs for water wellsare percussive and rotational. During percussion drilling, the rock is destroyed due to the impact of a heavy load suspended on a rope. The working tool rushes down, capturing part of the soil, after which it rises to the surface. The cycle is repeated until the desired aquifer is reached.

Note. Homemade MGBU is used not only for arranging autonomous water supply. Such equipment is often used in the construction industry, for example, when installing a pile foundation.

The use of a rotary drill requires less physical effort compared to the impact method, since in this case the soil is cut with a sharp tip. However, such equipment has a more complex design. In addition, some parts cannot be made independently, so they must be purchased separately, which incurs additional financial costs in the manufacture of suchdo-it-yourself drilling rig for wells.

MGBU for shock-rope method

Hammer drilling technology originated in China over 3,000 years ago and continues to be successfully used today. A drilling rig of this type is quite compact and is characterized by increased strength due to its simple design.

Installation design

A typical MGBU for impact drilling consists of the following parts:

• triangular frame;
• working tool (chuck or bailer);
• lifting device.

Percussion drilling rig for wells

The working tool of this design is a cartridge, which must have a large weight (about 100 kg). It is made from a pipe with a diameter of 10-20 cm. The length of the cartridge is 1-2 m.

Advice. In order for the soil to be destroyed more intensively, the end of the bailer should be sharpened or several sharp “fangs” should be made in the lower part.

The support frame is designed based on the dimensions of the working tool, and for ease of lifting, a winch is used, which can be connected to an electric motor and thereby greatly simplify the drilling process.

Scheme of a cartridge (bailer) with a ball valve

Manufacturing technology

percussion do-it-yourself drilling rig for water wellsis done using the following technology:

1. For the manufacture of the frame, a square of high-quality metal is used. First, a triangular or rectangular base is created, and then the ribs of the structure are installed.
2. To fix the cable in the upper part of the bailer, several holes are drilled or a lever is welded.
3. The length of the cable is selected taking into account the maximum depth of the planned well.
4. The cartridge is suspended at the top of the support frame, and the second end of the cable is wound on the winch or the drum of the electric motor gearbox.

Using this device is quite simple. In the place where it is supposed to be drilled, a small depression is made with a diameter slightly larger than the size of the cartridge. Then the working tool alternately lowers and rises, removing the soil, until the required depth of the well is reached.

MGBU for rotary drilling

well drilling rig, using the rotational movement of the working tool (blade drill), allows you to work at a high professional level. However, for its manufacture, it is necessary to purchase a number of components that are difficult to make at home.

Components and accessories

The design of the rotary type MGBU is made of the following components:

• lower and upper frames;
• swivel;
• drill rods with locks;
• paddle drill;
• electric motor with gearbox;
• motor pump;
• hose.

Drilling rig with paddle auger

The swivel is one of the most important elements of suchwell drilling equipment. It is designed to transmit torque from the engine to the drill and supply flushing fluid to the mine.

Important. It is not recommended to make a swivel yourself. If the permissible gaps between the glass and the shaft are not observed, there is a high probability of leakage and, as a result, leakage of the solution. Therefore, for a home-made installation, it is better to purchase a finished product.

Make a blade drill fordo-it-yourself drilling rignot very difficult. Such a device is made of high-quality metal, into which high-strength plates (blades) are fused. The diameter of the tool can vary between 10-35 cm.

Drill rods are designed to increase the depth of drilling. Usually their length is 1-2 m. Between themselves, these elements are fastened with special locks. Drill rods, together with locks, as well as a swivel, are best purchased separately, since a large number of them will be needed for a medium-depth well.

Assembly order

1. Since the delivery of purchased componentswell drilling rigs(swivel, motor-reducer, rods with locks, mortar hose, winch with cable) may take some time, they must be ordered in advance.
2. The bottom and top frames are made of square, and the uprights are made of 40mm tubing with a wall thickness of 4mm.
3. After the manufacture of the support frame, it is necessary to make a carriage (slide) to move the working tool in a vertical plane, on which a gear motor, swivel, drill rods and a drill will be mounted.
4. To hold and move the carriage, a winch with a cable is used, which is attached to the frame.
5. After installing the main components, a hose from the motor pump is connected to the swivel, and the electric motor is connected to the 220 V or 380 V network through the starting device (depending on the electrical parameters of the engine).

Rotary flush drilling

Common mistakes when self-drilling wells

Manufacturing do-it-yourself drilling rig for wellsdoes not yet guarantee a positive result during the operation of the equipment. In the absence of the necessary experience, there is a high probability of making a critical mistake, which can lead to the loss of a tool or even an entire installation.

Since mistakes in drilling are quite expensive, you cannot force the process and immediately proceed to create deep well. It is better to practice at shallow depths to begin with to gain experience and learn how to prevent a wedge.

Important. Beginners very often "catch a wedge", losing the drill and drill rods in the process. In some cases, the drill can jam so much that even a crane cannot pull it out.

With "difficult" rocky ground, it is better to use several passes. To do this, first exploratory drilling is carried out with a tool of minimum diameter. Then a hole in the ground is drilled with larger drills until the well reaches the desired parameters.

Make your own drilling rig for wellsnot as difficult as doing the actual drilling process. So that money and efforts are not spent in vain, it is better to entrust this work to professionals.